1
00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:00,820
大家好
2
00:00:00,820 --> 00:00:02,859
今天聊一个看起来简单
3
00:00:02,859 --> 00:00:04,859
其实坑很深的问题
4
00:00:04,859 --> 00:00:06,599
作为一个大陆居民
5
00:00:06,599 --> 00:00:09,999
如果我想买标普500或者纳斯达克100
6
00:00:09,999 --> 00:00:12,099
到底应该怎么买
7
00:00:12,099 --> 00:00:16,429
打开支付宝搜那纸能出来几十只基金
8
00:00:16,429 --> 00:00:18,050
打开股票账户
9
00:00:18,050 --> 00:00:21,589
5131005135001堆代码
10
00:00:21,589 --> 00:00:23,429
朋友又说去香港开个会
11
00:00:23,429 --> 00:00:25,949
风吹25直接买美股
12
00:00:25,949 --> 00:00:26,710
最香
13
00:00:26,710 --> 00:00:28,309
听起来好像都对
14
00:00:28,309 --> 00:00:32,450
但你买到手的东西真的是同一个标普500吗
15
00:00:32,450 --> 00:00:33,979
其实不是的
16
00:00:33,979 --> 00:00:36,020
你看图上这五种渠道
17
00:00:36,020 --> 00:00:38,140
不管是支付宝银行app
18
00:00:38,140 --> 00:00:40,579
大陆券商还是香港银行
19
00:00:40,579 --> 00:00:43,829
香港券商表面买的都是标普500
20
00:00:43,829 --> 00:00:46,429
但他们的底层资产税务待遇
21
00:00:46,429 --> 00:00:47,429
溢价损耗
22
00:00:47,429 --> 00:00:49,740
汇率敞口完全不一样
23
00:00:49,740 --> 00:00:53,039
今天我用10分钟把这件事一次讲透
24
00:00:53,039 --> 00:00:56,890
看看你的钱到底装在了什么样的容器里
25
00:00:56,890 --> 00:00:58,869
在谈具体渠道之前
26
00:00:58,869 --> 00:01:01,609
我们先搞清楚什么才是真身
27
00:01:01,609 --> 00:01:03,649
真正意义上的标普500
28
00:01:03,649 --> 00:01:07,230
全球只有少数几只ETF是直接完整
29
00:01:07,230 --> 00:01:09,060
低成本地跟踪它
30
00:01:09,060 --> 00:01:10,760
既然是剥了一层壳
31
00:01:10,760 --> 00:01:13,560
这层壳会吃掉你多少钱呢
32
00:01:13,560 --> 00:01:16,180
代价二是费率的差距
33
00:01:16,180 --> 00:01:18,920
除了汇率转换中的隐性磨损
34
00:01:18,920 --> 00:01:22,168
各渠道在管理费率上的差异非常大
35
00:01:22,168 --> 00:01:26,400
美股的原生ETF费率低至0.03%
36
00:01:26,400 --> 00:01:29,560
而港股的纳指或者标普ETF
37
00:01:29,560 --> 00:01:33,269
费率在0.28%到0.45之间
38
00:01:33,269 --> 00:01:35,430
再看国内的QDII
39
00:01:35,430 --> 00:01:38,349
场内ETF大概在0.7%
40
00:01:38,349 --> 00:01:42,269
而场外基金综合下来更是高达1.2%
41
00:01:42,269 --> 00:01:44,650
千万别小看这1%的费率差
42
00:01:44,650 --> 00:01:45,980
在长期投资中
43
00:01:45,980 --> 00:01:50,000
1%的差距在30年复利下会被无限放大
44
00:01:50,000 --> 00:01:54,409
累计的收益差距会超过30%代价
45
00:01:54,409 --> 00:01:56,328
三是最隐蔽的一刀
46
00:01:56,328 --> 00:01:57,939
也就是股息税
47
00:01:57,939 --> 00:02:00,400
同样是一美元的股息分红
48
00:02:00,400 --> 00:02:03,519
不同渠道到手的金额能差出三倍
49
00:02:03,519 --> 00:02:06,079
如果你是中国大陆税务居民
50
00:02:06,079 --> 00:02:08,259
填写了W8BEN表格
51
00:02:08,259 --> 00:02:10,039
直接持有美股ETF
52
00:02:10,039 --> 00:02:12,620
可以享受10%的股息税优惠
53
00:02:12,620 --> 00:02:14,150
实收九毛钱
54
00:02:14,150 --> 00:02:17,129
而如果你通过香港银行或者券商
55
00:02:17,129 --> 00:02:19,479
买了港股的美国指数ETF
56
00:02:19,479 --> 00:02:21,939
因为香港没有中美税收协定
57
00:02:21,939 --> 00:02:24,039
基金层面就会直接被吃掉
58
00:02:24,039 --> 00:02:27,569
30%的股息税实收只剩七毛钱
59
00:02:27,569 --> 00:02:30,370
了解完这三个代价的底层逻辑
60
00:02:30,370 --> 00:02:33,669
我们来具体看看这五条投资路径
61
00:02:33,669 --> 00:02:36,598
路径一是支付宝路径
62
00:02:36,598 --> 00:02:40,079
二是经常被大家忽视的大陆银行app
63
00:02:40,079 --> 00:02:43,098
同样是买QDII场外基金
64
00:02:43,098 --> 00:02:45,919
但它比支付宝往往宽松一点
65
00:02:45,919 --> 00:02:49,580
有些基金在银行或者直销渠道的额度
66
00:02:49,580 --> 00:02:51,139
远高于支付宝
67
00:02:51,139 --> 00:02:53,639
当支付宝现购到地板的时候
68
00:02:53,639 --> 00:02:56,629
银行渠道往往还能正常购买
69
00:02:56,629 --> 00:02:59,710
操作起来虽然需要逐个银行去世
70
00:02:59,710 --> 00:03:01,360
信息不太透明
71
00:03:01,360 --> 00:03:04,500
但他非常适合想做较大金额定投
72
00:03:04,500 --> 00:03:07,729
手里却持有人民币的投资者
73
00:03:07,729 --> 00:03:08,409
路径
74
00:03:08,409 --> 00:03:12,310
三是大陆券商的场内QDIIETF
75
00:03:12,310 --> 00:03:16,079
也就是大家熟悉的513100等代码
76
00:03:16,079 --> 00:03:18,558
只要你有A股账户就能买
77
00:03:18,558 --> 00:03:20,899
它的优势是流动性极佳
78
00:03:20,899 --> 00:03:22,258
可以盘中买卖
79
00:03:22,258 --> 00:03:23,158
做T加零
80
00:03:23,158 --> 00:03:25,039
交易灵活度很高
81
00:03:25,039 --> 00:03:28,680
但最大的坑就是我前面提到的溢价
82
00:03:28,680 --> 00:03:33,150
场内长期存在3%到10%的溢价风险
83
00:03:33,150 --> 00:03:35,789
如果你在大涨的时候追高买入
84
00:03:35,789 --> 00:03:38,379
定投就变成了高位接盘
85
00:03:38,379 --> 00:03:39,599
所以这条路
86
00:03:39,599 --> 00:03:44,219
只适合能够在低溢价窗口建仓的择石玩家
87
00:03:44,219 --> 00:03:47,080
路径四是香港银行账户
88
00:03:47,080 --> 00:03:49,500
比如汇丰的tree25
89
00:03:49,500 --> 00:03:53,210
这条路可以让你买到美股的原生ETF
90
00:03:53,210 --> 00:03:54,629
它的门槛中等
91
00:03:56,629 --> 00:03:59,250
并提供地址证明等文件
92
00:03:59,250 --> 00:04:01,789
优势是有银行体系背书
93
00:04:01,789 --> 00:04:04,180
面向18~35岁的年轻人
94
00:04:04,180 --> 00:04:06,539
还有终身免佣金的极佳优惠
95
00:04:06,539 --> 00:04:09,729
并且可以直接享受10%的股息税
96
00:04:09,729 --> 00:04:11,430
但是千万要注意
97
00:04:11,430 --> 00:04:12,870
如果你为了图方便
98
00:04:12,870 --> 00:04:16,240
用它去买港交所上市的美国指数ETF
99
00:04:16,240 --> 00:04:20,079
那30%的股息税就会在基金层被吞掉
100
00:04:20,079 --> 00:04:24,538
另外你要受限于每年5万美元的换汇额度
101
00:04:29,209 --> 00:04:31,769
路径五是香港券商
102
00:04:31,769 --> 00:04:33,529
比如富途老虎
103
00:04:33,529 --> 00:04:35,490
盈透长桥等
104
00:04:35,490 --> 00:04:38,399
这是综合成本最低的路径
105
00:04:38,399 --> 00:04:40,779
费率低至0.03%
106
00:04:40,779 --> 00:04:41,660
没有溢价
107
00:04:41,660 --> 00:04:43,839
可以直接买到真美股
108
00:04:43,839 --> 00:04:47,360
但这也是目前增量门槛最高的路径
109
00:04:47,360 --> 00:04:49,360
从2025年9月起
110
00:04:49,360 --> 00:04:51,319
各大券商全面收紧
111
00:04:55,408 --> 00:04:57,769
或者境外工作生活证明
112
00:04:57,769 --> 00:05:00,488
对于已有账户的存量用户来说
113
00:05:00,488 --> 00:05:02,060
这是最优解
114
00:05:02,060 --> 00:05:05,639
但对于想新开户的人来说非常困难
115
00:05:05,639 --> 00:05:07,660
另外如果大额持仓
116
00:05:07,660 --> 00:05:08,480
需要注意
117
00:05:08,480 --> 00:05:10,459
非美居民的美国遗产税
118
00:05:10,459 --> 00:05:13,720
免税额度只有6万美元的问题
119
00:05:13,720 --> 00:05:14,879
走到这里
120
00:05:14,879 --> 00:05:18,500
我们用一张表把这五条路综合对比一下
121
00:05:18,500 --> 00:05:20,100
从开户难度看
122
00:05:20,100 --> 00:05:22,379
支付宝和银行场外极低
123
00:05:22,379 --> 00:05:24,639
香港券商现在最高
124
00:05:24,639 --> 00:05:26,160
从年化拖累看
125
00:05:26,160 --> 00:05:28,240
香港渠道直接买美股
126
00:05:28,240 --> 00:05:31,509
损耗最低只有不到0.15%
127
00:05:31,509 --> 00:05:34,470
而大陆渠道基本在0.7%
128
00:05:34,470 --> 00:05:36,560
到1.5%之间
129
00:05:36,560 --> 00:05:38,139
从溢价风险看
130
00:05:38,139 --> 00:05:40,980
只有大陆场内ETF风险高
131
00:05:40,980 --> 00:05:42,560
从分红效率看
132
00:05:42,560 --> 00:05:45,980
直接买美股最好能享受10%税率
133
00:05:45,980 --> 00:05:49,189
而买港股ETF分红效率最差
134
00:05:49,189 --> 00:05:52,500
大家可以截图保存这张对比图
135
00:05:52,500 --> 00:05:55,100
那么最终建议是什么呢
136
00:05:55,100 --> 00:05:56,939
资金规模和你的身份
137
00:05:56,939 --> 00:05:59,959
是决定最优渠道的两个核心变量
138
00:05:59,959 --> 00:06:02,079
第一类入门玩家
139
00:06:02,079 --> 00:06:04,240
如果你的资金在10万以内
140
00:06:04,240 --> 00:06:05,060
别折腾
141
00:06:05,060 --> 00:06:09,000
直接用支付宝或者银行app定投场外基金
142
00:06:09,000 --> 00:06:10,779
接受1%的拖累
143
00:06:10,779 --> 00:06:14,019
但一定要避开溢价高的场内ETF
144
00:06:14,019 --> 00:06:16,230
第二类进阶玩家
145
00:06:16,230 --> 00:06:18,310
资金在20到100万
146
00:06:18,310 --> 00:06:20,149
愿意花时间学习
147
00:06:20,149 --> 00:06:22,329
建议用银行场外做底仓
148
00:06:22,329 --> 00:06:24,908
用场内ETF做战术仓
149
00:06:24,908 --> 00:06:26,329
记住一个原则
150
00:06:26,329 --> 00:06:28,588
溢价小于3%才买入
151
00:06:28,588 --> 00:06:30,889
大于5%立即停手
152
00:06:30,889 --> 00:06:33,259
第三类资深玩家
153
00:06:33,259 --> 00:06:34,399
资金量大
154
00:06:34,399 --> 00:06:37,649
且有海外身份或已有存量账户
155
00:06:37,649 --> 00:06:38,889
那毫无疑问
156
00:06:38,889 --> 00:06:42,610
直接去香港券商或银行买美股的VOO
157
00:06:42,610 --> 00:06:45,949
O或IVV等原生ETF大额持仓
158
00:06:45,949 --> 00:06:47,899
做好遗产规划即可
159
00:06:47,899 --> 00:06:52,060
实际上券商开户存在绕过海外身份的方法
160
00:06:52,060 --> 00:06:53,699
需要你自己去寻找
161
00:06:53,699 --> 00:06:54,620
银行开户
162
00:06:54,620 --> 00:06:58,240
不需要通过香港银行或券商账户
163
00:06:58,240 --> 00:07:02,060
购买正版的标普和纳指是收益最高的方法
164
00:07:02,060 --> 00:07:04,970
愿意折腾的人尽量这么做
165
00:07:04,970 --> 00:07:06,509
最后总结一下
166
00:07:06,509 --> 00:07:08,209
回到开头那个问题
167
00:07:08,209 --> 00:07:11,009
你买的标普500是真的吗
168
00:07:11,009 --> 00:07:13,509
他可能真的是跟踪了这个指数
169
00:07:13,509 --> 00:07:16,000
但它绝对不是无损的指数
170
00:07:16,000 --> 00:07:19,360
每一层包装壳都在以溢价费率
171
00:07:19,360 --> 00:07:23,230
股息税和汇率的方式悄悄吃掉你的复利
172
00:07:23,230 --> 00:07:25,209
你越早搞清楚这件事
173
00:07:25,209 --> 00:07:28,600
就能越早把钱放到正确的容器里
174
00:07:28,600 --> 00:07:32,908
容器选错定投10年也只是在替别人打工
175
00:07:32,908 --> 00:07:36,668
我是专注于fire理财与投资探索的博主
176
00:07:36,668 --> 00:07:38,649
如果这期视频对你有用
177
00:07:38,649 --> 00:07:40,228
请一键三连支持一下
178
00:07:40,228 --> 00:07:41,699
我们下期见