借钱消费，我在香港拿利息，你在大陆付利息

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同样是借钱消费

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香港和大陆走的是两套完全不同的逻辑

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在香港信用卡消费之后

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你有机会拿到现金等价的回赠

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但在大陆很多所谓的先用后付

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分期付款

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最低还款

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最后都会变成服务费日期和年化利率

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今天这期视频我们就用公开规则

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监管文件和官方费率拆开看一看

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为什么同样刷1万块

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在香港你可能是在拿回赠

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而在大陆

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你很可能是在给平台和金融机构交利息

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先说我的结论

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消费金融不是不能用

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但在大陆找金融机构借钱

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如同与魔鬼做交易

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千万不要干

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尤其是网贷

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我坚决反对这件事的核心不是信用卡好不好

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也不是先用后付好不好

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真正的差异是这套系统的激励

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最后站在谁那一边

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香港的信用卡体系是商户支付刷卡成本

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银行和卡组织从里面分账

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然后银行拿出一部分做成reward cash回赠给用户

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也就是说你刷卡消费

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用户有机会分到支付网络的一部分收益

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而且在香港

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卡组织规则

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不允许商户随便向信用卡用户加收附加费

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也不允许设置最低消费

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所以这套机制里用户相对被保护

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大陆的逻辑反过来

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平台先用免息

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先用后付

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每天几毛钱

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分期无压力

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这些话术把你拉进去

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然后通过服务费日息

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分期费率最低还款和逾期利息

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把成本慢慢压回到你身上

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所以我说大陆消费金融最危险的地方

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不是他明着贵

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而是他经常让你误以为自己没有在借钱

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先看香港这边

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以汇丰香港信用卡为例

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它的主流玩法叫reward cash

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Red hot rewards

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指定类别最高可以做到2.4%的reward

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cash回赠h s b c visa signature card

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在指定类别下

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最高可以做到3.6%的reward cash

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回赠h s b c post union pay door

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Currency diamond

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Credit card

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在内地和澳门的移动支付场景叠加之后

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最高可以做到4.4%的reward cash回赠

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注意这里说的不是那种很虚的积分

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reward cash的特点是它和现今的关系非常近

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在汇丰的规则里

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reward cash可以用来抵扣千丈

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也可以换券换礼品

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换里程

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重点是reward cash的价值口径很清楚

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erreward cash可以按一港币来使用

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这就是为什么香港信用卡的回赠

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用户是能算的明白的

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刷1万港币

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如果刚好符合指定类别和活动条件

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2.4%就是240港币

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3.6%就是360港币

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4.4%就是440港币

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这笔账非常直观

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那香港银行的钱从哪里来

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不是银行做慈善

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答案是商户费

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根据香港商户服务的公开费率

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visa和master card的标准商户费率是2.2%

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新商户优惠可以低至1.5%

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union pay和american express的标准费率是2.9%

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也就是说你在香港刷1万港币

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商户

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背后

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大约要支付200到300港币左右的刷卡成本

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这笔钱进入收单机构

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卡组织和发卡行的链条

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银行再从里面拿出一部分做成回赠返给用户

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更关键的是

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香港消委会曾经披露

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Visa

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MASTERCARD和american express都确认商户向信用卡用户加收附加费

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或者设置最低消费金额是违反卡组织规则的

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所以在香港商户不能简单粗暴地说

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因为你刷卡

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所以我要多收你2%

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也不能随便说信用卡最低消费200港币起

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这就是香港机制的关键

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商户承担成本

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银行分一部分收益给用户规则

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保护用户不被反向加价

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所以香港信用卡回赠的本质

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是支付网络利润的一部分

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被分给了消费者

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再看大陆

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大陆当然也有信用卡

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也有积分

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也有活动

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也有免息期

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但关键问题是

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这些积分到底是不是现金等价回赠

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答案是大多数情况下不是

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以招商银行信用卡为例

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规则是每20元人民币

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或者每二美元奖励一积分

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而且积分值向下取整年费循环利息

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预借现金

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逾期费用等项目不累计积分

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更重要的是积分不可转让

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未经银行同意

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不能折算现金

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也不能给付费积分项目

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再看中国银行的中银积分

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365

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个人信用卡每消费一元人民币累计一分

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但国内交易有账单周期封顶

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快捷支付利息手续费

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现金分期等也不累计积分

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这说明什么

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说明大陆主流信用卡积分

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更多是银行内部的权益分数

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他能换什么

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按什么比例换

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什么时候缩水

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主动权都在银行和平台手里

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你不能像香港reward cash那样

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简单按一比一现金价值去理解

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所以大陆信用卡不是完全没有权益

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但它的基础权益更像受限制的积分

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而不是稳定透明现金等价的回赠

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真正危险的是大陆的先用后复合分期

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这些产品最会包装自己

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他们不会一上来告诉你

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我要收你很高的真实资金成本

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他们会说30天内免服务费

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他们会说每天只要几毛钱

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他们会说分12期也没有压力

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但你一旦进入分期最低还款

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逾期或者循环利息

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那就完全是另一套账

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京东白条的规则里

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延后付款30天内可以免服务费

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但超过免息条件

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分期就会产生服务费

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最低还款时剩余未还部分按日收取服务费

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日服务费率可以是0.05%

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这个日期看起来很小

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但按单利折算一年大约就是18.25%

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花呗分期也是类似逻辑

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12期总费率可以是8.8%

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表面看好像不到10%

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但你要记住

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分期过程中本金是逐期减少的

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所以真实年化不能只看总费率

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要用资金实际占用时间去算

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银行信用卡分期也不便宜

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建设银行账单分期的近似年化

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可以到13%到14%左右

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现金分期的近似年化可以到14.5%

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到16.4%左右

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招商银行网上分期官方示例

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6000元分12期

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总分期利息240元

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近似折算年化约7.3%

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所以你看平台分期最低还款

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银行分期本质上都是一件事

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他们把你的消费变成金融机构的利息收入

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这就是为什么我坚决反对网贷

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不是因为我保守

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而是因为普通人一旦开始用网贷

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就很容易从一次周转变成长期依赖

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在大陆找金融机构借钱

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如同与魔鬼做交易

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你以为你只是借一点点

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但他要的是你的现金流

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你的注意力

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你的信用记录

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甚至是你的未来收入

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千万不要干

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为什么监管一直强调要明示年化利率

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因为日息月费率

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手续费率非常容易让人低估真实成本

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相关解读里说得很清楚

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所有贷款产品都应当明示贷款年化利率

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年化利率应当按照对借款人收取的全部

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贷款成本和实际占用本金的比例来计算

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这里的贷款成本不只是利息

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还包括各种费用

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这句话非常重要

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因为很多消费金融产品

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最喜欢把利息换一个名字

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它不叫利息

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它叫服务费

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他叫手续费

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他叫分期费

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他叫日服务费

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他叫管理费

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但只要是你为了借这笔钱

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必须付出的成本

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本质上都应该算进资金成本

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司法保护上限调整为一年期LP2的四倍

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按当时一年期LPR3.85%计算

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四倍大约是15.4%

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当然这个规则和持牌金融机构的适用范围

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并不完全一样

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但它至少告诉我们一件事

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当资金成本来到10%几的时候

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就已经不是小数目了

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所以你看到0.05%日息

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千万别觉得很便宜

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你要立刻问自己一句话

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这东西换成年画到底是多少

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我们把所有数字落到一笔1万元消费上

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在香港

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如果你刚好符合red hot rewards指定类别

227
00:09:47,419 --> 00:09:49,139
2.4%的回赠

228
00:09:49,139 --> 00:09:52,159
对应1万港币就是240港币

229
00:09:52,159 --> 00:09:55,328
如果你用的是h s b c via signature card

230
00:09:55,328 --> 00:09:58,808
并且符合指定类别3.6%的回赠

231
00:09:58,808 --> 00:10:01,879
对应1万港币就是360港币

232
00:10:01,879 --> 00:10:04,200
如果你用h s b c pos union

233
00:10:04,200 --> 00:10:06,019
Pado currency diamond credit card

234
00:10:06,019 --> 00:10:09,100
在内地或澳门移动支付场景叠加

235
00:10:09,100 --> 00:10:10,620
最高4.4%

236
00:10:10,620 --> 00:10:13,620
对应1万港币就是440港币

237
00:10:13,620 --> 00:10:17,159
这边的逻辑是你消费拿回赠

238
00:10:17,159 --> 00:10:18,600
再看大陆

239
00:10:18,600 --> 00:10:20,419
如果1万元走花呗

240
00:10:20,419 --> 00:10:23,320
12期分期总费率8.8%

241
00:10:23,320 --> 00:10:26,029
对应服务费就是880元

242
00:10:26,029 --> 00:10:30,269
如果1万元走建设银行账单分期近似年化

243
00:10:30,269 --> 00:10:33,070
按13%到14%估算

244
00:10:33,070 --> 00:10:35,730
一年资金成本大约是1300元

245
00:10:35,730 --> 00:10:37,570
到1400元左右

246
00:10:37,570 --> 00:10:40,330
如果1万元走京东最低还款

247
00:10:40,330 --> 00:10:43,450
按日服务费0.05%折算单利

248
00:10:43,450 --> 00:10:46,099
综合年化大约18.25%

249
00:10:46,099 --> 00:10:49,339
一年成本大约就是1825元

250
00:10:49,339 --> 00:10:53,009
这张账单一对比差异就非常刺眼

251
00:10:53,009 --> 00:10:55,690
香港那边是加240

252
00:10:55,690 --> 00:10:57,110
加360

253
00:10:57,110 --> 00:10:58,620
加440

254
00:10:58,620 --> 00:11:01,360
大陆这边是减880

255
00:11:01,360 --> 00:11:02,700
减1300

256
00:11:02,700 --> 00:11:04,669
减1825

257
00:11:04,669 --> 00:11:06,789
同样是1万元消费

258
00:11:06,789 --> 00:11:09,009
一边是用户分到收益

259
00:11:09,009 --> 00:11:11,879
另一边是用户承担资金成本

260
00:11:11,879 --> 00:11:15,129
这就是消费金融的底层差异

261
00:11:15,129 --> 00:11:18,269
当然这里有几个边界要说清楚

262
00:11:18,269 --> 00:11:22,250
第一香港不是所有消费都有高回赠

263
00:11:22,250 --> 00:11:26,139
red hot rewards的2.4%是指定类别

264
00:11:26,139 --> 00:11:30,818
而且有何资格消费上限还要按活动要求登记

265
00:11:30,818 --> 00:11:33,259
visa signature和union pay diamond

266
00:11:33,259 --> 00:11:34,919
也有年收入门槛

267
00:11:34,919 --> 00:11:37,240
所以香港用户也要选卡

268
00:11:37,240 --> 00:11:38,100
看类别

269
00:11:38,100 --> 00:11:39,000
看规则

270
00:11:39,000 --> 00:11:40,110
看上限

271
00:11:40,110 --> 00:11:43,230
第二大陆也不是完全没有权益

272
00:11:43,230 --> 00:11:45,149
大陆信用卡有积分

273
00:11:45,149 --> 00:11:46,190
有免息期

274
00:11:46,190 --> 00:11:47,809
也有各种活动

275
00:11:47,809 --> 00:11:49,990
如果你每个月全额还款

276
00:11:49,990 --> 00:11:50,730
不分期

277
00:11:50,730 --> 00:11:51,870
不最低还款

278
00:11:51,870 --> 00:11:52,870
不碰网贷

279
00:11:52,870 --> 00:11:54,990
它就只是一个支付工具

280
00:11:54,990 --> 00:11:59,649
第三我不是说某一家平台或者某一家银行违法

281
00:11:59,649 --> 00:12:01,759
我说的是机制问题

282
00:12:01,759 --> 00:12:06,179
大陆很多消费金融产品机制更偏向机构收益

283
00:12:06,179 --> 00:12:08,169
用户承担资金成本

284
00:12:08,169 --> 00:12:12,450
这和香港那种把支付网络收益分给用户的机制

285
00:12:12,450 --> 00:12:13,789
不是一回事

286
00:12:13,789 --> 00:12:16,129
第四花呗这种产品

287
00:12:16,129 --> 00:12:18,210
如果页面只披露总费率

288
00:12:18,210 --> 00:12:19,809
没有直接披露年化

289
00:12:19,809 --> 00:12:22,169
那我们在表达时要说清楚

290
00:12:22,169 --> 00:12:25,769
年画如果自己计算就要标注是估算

291
00:12:25,769 --> 00:12:29,349
但这些表达边界不影响我的态度

292
00:12:29,349 --> 00:12:32,259
我坚决反对普通人借网贷

293
00:12:32,259 --> 00:12:36,580
我也不建议普通人在大陆向消费金融机构借钱

294
00:12:36,580 --> 00:12:39,220
你可以用信用卡的免息期

295
00:12:39,220 --> 00:12:42,870
但前提是你必须每个月全额还款

296
00:12:42,870 --> 00:12:45,490
只要你开始分期最低还款

297
00:12:45,490 --> 00:12:46,529
循环利息

298
00:12:46,529 --> 00:12:47,549
网贷周转

299
00:12:47,549 --> 00:12:50,250
你就已经站在危险边缘

300
00:12:50,250 --> 00:12:53,509
为什么大陆信用卡很难像香港一样

301
00:12:53,509 --> 00:12:55,110
长期给到2%

302
00:12:55,110 --> 00:12:59,080
3%甚至4%的稳定现金回赠

303
00:12:59,080 --> 00:13:02,820
一个重要原因是商户费率结构不同

304
00:13:02,820 --> 00:13:06,570
2016年银行卡刷卡手续费改革之后

305
00:13:06,570 --> 00:13:08,230
大陆贷记卡发卡行

306
00:13:08,230 --> 00:13:11,309
服务费上限是不超过0.45%

307
00:13:11,309 --> 00:13:12,580
而且不封顶

308
00:13:12,580 --> 00:13:16,000
网络服务费不超过0.065%

309
00:13:16,000 --> 00:13:17,399
单笔有封顶

310
00:13:17,399 --> 00:13:18,460
相比之下

311
00:13:18,460 --> 00:13:23,169
香港visa和MASTERCARD商户费标准可以是2.2%

312
00:13:23,169 --> 00:13:28,470
union pay和american express商户费标准可以是2.9%

313
00:13:28,470 --> 00:13:29,730
这就意味着

314
00:13:29,730 --> 00:13:30,970
大陆发卡行

315
00:13:30,970 --> 00:13:35,480
从一笔刷卡交易里能够分到的空间本来就更小

316
00:13:35,480 --> 00:13:39,059
所以大陆信用卡体系很难长期支撑

317
00:13:39,059 --> 00:13:42,350
香港那种高比例现金等价回赠

318
00:13:42,350 --> 00:13:44,850
于是回赠这条路弱了之后

319
00:13:44,850 --> 00:13:48,700
金融机构要赚钱就会更依赖另一条路

320
00:13:48,700 --> 00:13:51,059
那就是分期手续费

321
00:13:51,059 --> 00:13:55,480
最低还款现金分期循环利息消费贷

322
00:13:55,480 --> 00:13:56,799
所以你会发现

323
00:13:56,799 --> 00:14:00,980
大陆消费金融最积极推的往往不是让你省钱

324
00:14:00,980 --> 00:14:02,789
而是让你借钱

325
00:14:02,789 --> 00:14:04,690
他不是怕你不消费

326
00:14:04,690 --> 00:14:08,279
他是怕你消费之后立刻全额还款

327
00:14:08,279 --> 00:14:10,299
因为一旦你全额还款

328
00:14:10,299 --> 00:14:12,250
他赚到的就很有限

329
00:14:12,250 --> 00:14:13,950
但只要你开始分期

330
00:14:13,950 --> 00:14:15,350
开始最低还款

331
00:14:15,350 --> 00:14:17,809
开始循环利润就来了

332
00:14:17,809 --> 00:14:19,070
这就是为什么

333
00:14:19,070 --> 00:14:23,129
我把大陆消费金融叫做一个危险的诱导系统

334
00:14:23,129 --> 00:14:25,669
它不是一把刀放在你面前

335
00:14:25,669 --> 00:14:27,250
它更像一颗糖

336
00:14:27,250 --> 00:14:28,370
外面很甜

337
00:14:28,370 --> 00:14:30,230
里面是钩子

338
00:14:30,230 --> 00:14:32,830
最后总结成三句话

339
00:14:32,830 --> 00:14:36,929
第一好的消费金融是把支付网络的收益

340
00:14:36,929 --> 00:14:38,710
分一部分给用户

341
00:14:38,710 --> 00:14:42,809
第二坏的消费金融是用看起来便宜的话术

342
00:14:42,809 --> 00:14:46,049
把真实资金成本压回到用户身上

343
00:14:46,049 --> 00:14:48,970
第三普通人最重要的纪律是

344
00:14:48,970 --> 00:14:51,539
不要把消费欲望变成负债

345
00:14:51,539 --> 00:14:55,299
香港的信用卡机制不是完美天堂

346
00:14:55,299 --> 00:14:59,340
大陆的信用卡机制也不是完全没有价值

347
00:14:59,340 --> 00:15:03,299
但这两套体系的激励方向确实不一样

348
00:15:03,299 --> 00:15:05,740
香港更多是商户付费

349
00:15:05,740 --> 00:15:06,740
银行分账

350
00:15:06,740 --> 00:15:08,129
用户拿回赠

351
00:15:08,129 --> 00:15:13,419
大陆很多场景是用户借钱平台放贷机构收息费

352
00:15:13,419 --> 00:15:16,669
所以我给普通人的建议非常简单

353
00:15:16,669 --> 00:15:18,129
信用卡可以用

354
00:15:18,129 --> 00:15:20,110
但必须全额还款

355
00:15:20,110 --> 00:15:22,350
分期能不碰就不碰

356
00:15:22,350 --> 00:15:25,019
最低还款不要碰现金

357
00:15:25,019 --> 00:15:26,198
分期不要碰

358
00:15:26,198 --> 00:15:27,099
消费贷

359
00:15:27,099 --> 00:15:27,879
不要碰

360
00:15:27,879 --> 00:15:29,879
网贷坚决不要碰

361
00:15:29,879 --> 00:15:32,659
尤其是在大陆找金融机构借钱

362
00:15:32,659 --> 00:15:34,500
如同与魔鬼做交易

363
00:15:34,500 --> 00:15:35,879
千万不要干

364
00:15:35,879 --> 00:15:38,340
你以为你借的是一笔钱

365
00:15:38,340 --> 00:15:42,019
但他真正拿走的可能是你未来几个月

366
00:15:42,019 --> 00:15:44,129
甚至未来几年的自由

367
00:15:44,129 --> 00:15:46,250
如果你真的想财务自由

368
00:15:46,250 --> 00:15:50,090
想fire想靠投资和自媒体积累资产

369
00:15:50,090 --> 00:15:52,179
第一步不是赚更多

370
00:15:52,179 --> 00:15:54,980
第一步是不要把自己卖给高息负债

371
00:15:54,980 --> 00:15:57,019
把日息换成年化

372
00:15:57,019 --> 00:15:59,200
把月费率换成年化

373
00:15:59,200 --> 00:16:01,379
把服务费看成利息

374
00:16:01,379 --> 00:16:04,000
把免息期看成纪律测试

375
00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:05,629
记住一句话

376
00:16:05,629 --> 00:16:07,590
只要你不能全额还款

377
00:16:07,590 --> 00:16:09,570
这笔消费你就买不起

378
00:16:09,570 --> 00:16:11,210
同时请你想一想

379
00:16:11,210 --> 00:16:13,750
怎么大陆的资本就这么坏

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