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一个不断上涨的市场和一个表现出众的公司
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有时候也会令人感到烦恼和焦虑
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比如最近的美股和英伟达
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由于过去这一年多表现太好
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导致无数投资者几乎天天陷于恐高的心情之中
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近期美股表现稳定
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但英伟达出现了调整
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让很多朋友乱了阵脚
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我在公众号和星球后台都收到很多这类提问
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因此今天我发布这则主题来表达我的观点
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先说我的结论
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英伟达并未到顶
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今天我们的内容会从估值计算半导体发展逻辑
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营收多样化以及未来增速展开分析
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我无法预测市场
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但一定争取逻辑自洽和言行一致
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估值不贵
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看待一个公司的是不是太贵
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不是看过去一段时间涨了多少
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根本在于看估值和潜在增速
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我们参考英伟达对今年二季度的业绩指引
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公司预测二季度营收会在280亿美元
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正负2%
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同时利润率和一季度基本持平
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我们参考一季度
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英伟达的净利润率57.14%
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可以预测二季度的净利润是280乘
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57.14%
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等于160亿美元
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目前英伟达市值正好是3万亿美元
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二季度净利润预估为160×4
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等于640亿美元
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3万亿÷640亿=47倍
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同时这一季度对应2023年二季度的营收
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同比增长是106.4%
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净利润同比增速是158.5%
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我们用peg的算法及peg等于市盈率
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PE除以盈利增长率来衡量英伟达的估值
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可知英伟达的PEG为47
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除以158等于0.29
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一般来说
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当peg值低于一时
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说明该股票价值被低估
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值得投资者进行投资
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当peg值超过一时
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说明该股票价值被高估
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彼得林奇曾经指出
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最理想的投资对象
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其peg值应该低于0.5
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尽管pee g这单一指标不能说明一切
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但可以佐证这个业绩高速增长
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护城河深厚
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且点满未来
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几乎所有科技赛道的公司来说
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确实并不算贵
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半导体的未来逻辑
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我们投资英伟达或其他半导体核心资产
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短时间的股价波动不重要
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看懂长线的价值和趋势至关重要
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我们可以很明确地展望
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算力在未来世界的作用
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将不亚于工业时代的煤炭和石油
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未来我们所需的一切
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包括AI云服务
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自动驾驶
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元宇宙全都需要算力的支持
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而算力来自于半导体科学和产业的不断发展
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这就是我看好阿斯麦高端光刻机唯一供应商
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台积电高端半导体工艺几乎垄断
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英伟达高端GPU几乎垄断微软
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谷歌
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亚马逊
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几乎不会被其他人挑战的云计算巨头
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长期表现的原因
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他们是这个产业链上的上下游
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彼此会共同进步
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且相互强化彼此的地位
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数据中心的不断膨胀
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承载了算力需求的增长
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根据调研机构precedence research的最新数据
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数据中心业务的市场规模
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从2022年到2032年的平均年化增速
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将达到20.73%
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这是一条非常长的有着巨大潜力的赛道
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根据这一增速
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2032年
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全球数据中心的营收会是今年的4.5倍还多
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总有人说AI只是让卖铲子的英伟达发财了
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但是没见到任何应用落地
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这些人显然没有认真去研究过市场
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觉得AI只是一个ChatGPT聊天工具
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如果真的要看英伟达卖卡后所创造的价值
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你可以直接参考亚马逊AWS
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微软ASIA以及谷歌云的营收和利润
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他们是英伟达最大的客户
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也拥有最多的A100和H100
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过去3年
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这三大云服务商的年化增速
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恰好就在20%至30%之间
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符合前文中数据中心的增长预测
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甚至比预测的速度还要乐观一些
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只要亚马逊
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微软和谷歌各自的云服务还在快速增长
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你就不用担心英伟达的销售问题
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另外目前对于算力需求的竞争
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还仅仅是在企业之间
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还尚未落到主权国家的头上
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各国政府正在开始意识到算力的重要性
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下一步很可能参与到算力的竞争中来
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营收的多样化
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很多人把英伟达简单理解为卖卡的公司
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因此硬件公司自然很难享受高估值和长期成长
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但是苹果是不是卖硬件的呢
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为什么苹果可以长牛呢
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因为产品迭代进步快
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加上生态加持
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巧的是
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英伟达也是一个产品快速迭代进步家
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拥有强大生态的公司
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而且英伟达产品的进步速度更快
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生态垄断性更强
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黄仁勋表示
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英伟达在8年时间里
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计算能力
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浮点运算以及人工智能
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浮点运算能力增长了1000倍
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此外相比8年前的PASCO芯片
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black well芯片用于训练GBT4模型
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2万亿参数和8000000000000token
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训练的能耗只有当时的1/350
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因此与其说苹果和英伟达是硬件商
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不如说他们都算是平台型企业
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英伟达研发软件的历史
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其实最早可以追溯到2005年
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KDA软件平台就是那时候开始诞生的
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此后英伟达于2017年推出了AI软件包
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英伟达在人工智能领域
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提供的其实是硬件与软件的解决方案
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现在全球已有500万名KDA开发者
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在平台和软件生态的加持下
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英伟达的护城河比大多数人想象的要深
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在2023年
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英伟达的数据中心GPU包括了面向AI的GPU
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出货量达到了376万颗
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相比2022年的264万科
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增长了112万颗
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在2023年
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全球385万颗数据中心GPU出货量当中
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拿下了高达98%的市场份额
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与2022年的市场份额相近
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几乎是垄断地位
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另外英伟达业务的软件化和服务化
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也在不断推进
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在2023年3月就曾发布nvidia d gx cloud
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众所周知
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云服务的本质
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是将数据中心内的硬件资源虚拟化
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然后租给市场
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目前云计算最大的三家
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亚马逊的AWSS
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微软的azure以及谷歌的google cloud
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本身就是英伟达的最大客户群体
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他们的云计算中心均依赖于采购
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英伟达的高端GPU
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英伟达dj x cloud
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就相当于在软件和服务的业务流程中
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再增加自己一个重要角色
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让客户不需要自己建制和管理AI硬件设备
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可以直接在ASIA或google oracle cloud上
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就能租用高效能的DJX系统
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执行各种人工智慧的训练和推论工作
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这使得英伟达
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一方面可以利用目前已有的云计算服务商
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的用户粘性
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一方面发挥自身强大的算力资源
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你可以把dj x cloud理解为这是一个更加底层的
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更加有技术含量的云服务
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值得一提的是
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云服务是华尔街最青睐的赛道之一
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很多时候我们看到谷歌和微软的财报
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即使整体不及预期
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但只要云服务超过预期
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股价还是会以大涨来反馈市场态度
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反过来
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如果整体业务超预期
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但是云服务低于预期
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那么股价往往会在财报后下跌
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我们可以展望下一步
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AI从算力到应用会走向深入和多样化
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具体来说
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一各家厂商不希望英伟达完全垄断GPU供应
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会努力开发自己的芯片
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二英伟达也会在软件和服务上占据更重要地位
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参与到更多算力释放的环节中去
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这个过程是充满良性的
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竞争和相互促进的
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但显然二比一要容易得多
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增速可期
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对于英伟达未来几个季度的营收和利润增长
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预估
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简单到小学生数学就足够应付
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我们知道2023年各季度的营收数据
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比如2023年二季度
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英伟达营收135.1亿美元
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净利润61.9亿美元
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那么根据上文
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我们依据业绩指引计算的
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2024年二季度财报推测
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280亿美元营收和160亿美元利润
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英伟达二季度的营收和利润增速
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分别将达106.4%
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和158.5%
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同理再往下一个季度
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由于英伟达的业绩季度环比增速开始放缓
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而去年三季度业绩大幅提升
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使得基数变大
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因为拿的同比增速会继续放缓
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但即使今年三季度
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业绩相比二季度一点也不增长
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同比营收增速也将达到60%
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同比利润增速也将高达74%
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而在这个AI爆发期和半导体向上周期里
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英伟达业绩不增长几乎是不可能的
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事实上
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现在台积电有限的高端产能
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仍然是英伟达业绩增长的主要瓶颈
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而非市场需求不够大
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以10年的长周期看
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英伟达的在当下这个基数上的年化增长速度
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将会和我们上文提到的
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长期数据中心市场增速相近
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也就是20%至30%之间
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因此在可预期的未来
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英伟达的营收和利润同比增速虽然会显著放缓
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但仍然可以维持很长时间
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相当高的同比增速
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至少在未来一年时间里
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这家公司的营收和利润增速
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而且远高于其他六家公司
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总的来说
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对于任何一个护城河深厚的优秀企业来说
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名义上的顶部是不存在的
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不信就去看看微软
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苹果
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沃尔玛
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麦当劳等等头部公司的股价表现
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只要时间够长
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那么他们就是没有最高
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只有更高
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因为他们的营收和利润也在快速增长
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我认为
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英伟达是当下投资者不可缺少的一个选择
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任何的大跌急跌都是机会
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而不是风险
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当然英伟达也并非是唯一选择
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如果你已经持有英伟达
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需要多样化配置和降低潜在风险
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也可以考虑配置英伟达上下游的一些护城河
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深厚有估值合理的企业
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比如台积电
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微软
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谷歌
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亚马逊等
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在经过2022年底到现在
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超越十倍的涨幅和巨大的利润增长之后
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英伟达已成长为一个总市值
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达到3万亿美元的超级巨头
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在这样的一个基数之上
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显然不太可能和过去那样短时间大幅上涨了
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英伟达的未来可能会像苹果微软那样
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不会在短时间为投资者带来
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像过去一年多这种十倍的炸裂表现
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但仍然会给长期投资者带来丰厚的回馈
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上述内容为我个人观点不一定正确
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但我能确保的是我自己言行一致
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截至2024年6月28日周五结束
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我的个人主力账户中
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英伟达权重仍然接近40%
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每次我分享对于一些公司的看法时
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留言和私信
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总会收到类似怎么投资
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可惜买不到这样的内容
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我隔着屏幕也能感受到这些朋友的无奈和遗憾
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因此不断分享可靠的资源
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对于投资美股感兴趣的朋友
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可以关注公众号一座独立屋
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然后在公众号对话框的菜单中
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点击右下角的投资美股
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根据自己的需要和兴趣
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选择香港开户或新加坡线上开户
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参考各自文墨所介绍的资源
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如果你喜欢本期视频
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希望可以点赞关注
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支持一波
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这将对我有很大的帮助